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Committee:
PRESIDENT: NUÑEZ YAÑEZ, JOSE LUIS
SECRETARI: VAZQUEZ GRAU, GREGORIO
VOCAL: DAMERAU, HEIKO
Thesis abstract: n Particle Accelerators, the Low-Level RF (LLRF) is the control system of the RF, and in the end, of the purpose of the machine, that is the energy transfer and acceleration of particles. It implements algorithms synchronizing the RF conveying the energy to the beam and tailoring its longitudinal parameters. For this, the LLRF uses beam-related signals whose spectral content changes during the acceleration. The increase in energy results in an increase of the beam velocity, and for circular accelerators (Synchrotrons) a decrease in revolution period. This is especially relevant for Hadron machines whose injection energy is low resulting in a significant increase of their velocity before reaching relativistic speeds. Hence, the LLRF needs to continuously tune its processing to the beam; we call this technique Beam Synchronous Processing. One important task of the LLRF is the compensation of the beam-induced voltage in the accelerating cavities (Beam Loading). In the CERN SPS the regulation bandwidth must cover 5 MHz on each side of the MHz RF. With a beam revolution period around 23 µs more than a hundred revolution frequency harmonics, present in the beam signal, fall in the RF sidebands. The variation in beam velocity changes the position and spacing of the harmonics in the spectrum. The large number of harmonics and their varying positions make the algorithm reconfiguration an undesirable option. To cope with this, the early digital implementations used a system clock derived from the sweeping RF. This locks the sampling and the processing to the beam, by design. This historical solution, that is still in use in several machines, is now a limiting factor for the use of modern mynewextsetup.us Thesis presents a novel Beam Synchronous Processing Architecture, using a fixed frequency clocking, and capable of treating periodic signals with known and varying fundamental frequency. The Architecture is an alternative to the burden of reconfiguration in processing algorithms; it tunes the spectrum to the processing by resampling the input data. Two Resamplers are combined in the so-called resampling sandwich. The application algorithm requiring synchronism with the input signal is placed in the mynewextsetup.us key element is a novel All-Digital Farrow-based Resampler, that accepts arbitrary resampling ratios that can be modified in real-time. The hardware uses a single fixed frequency system clock, making its implementation feasible in State-Of-the-Art FPGAs, ASICs and systems such as the new uTCA platform currently being deployed in the CERN SPS LLRF system. The input and output ports of the Resampler, and all the processing within the Architecture, are synchronous to this fixed frequency clock and accept data streams whose sampling rate can be variable and modified in real mynewextsetup.us Architecture has been commissioned in a LLRF uTCA crate hosting the One Turn FeedBack algorithm to control a real SPS cavity. The algorithm compensates the Beam Loading. The Architecture has demonstrated its capability to track in real-time an energy ramp with an RF frequency following a linear sawtooth pattern ramped at MHz per second. The complete uTCA implementation has successfully passed all the functional validation and qualitative tests. The Architecture suits seamless the two technological paradigm changes adopted for the new CERN SPS LLRF system; first, the instantaneous value of the RF frequency is transmitted as a numerical word (used to set the resampling ratio), via a deterministic network, the White Rabbit. And second, the reference signal is now the fixed frequency clock recovered from this network. Both paradigms benefit from the all-digital Resampler and the Beam Synchronous Architecture that fulfil the techniques and technological needs for its implementation enabling novel LLRF algorithms and solutions.
mynewextsetup.us
Bergen university library is an academic research library with a special role in supporting medieval studies. We develop new methods of teaching aula virtual uib interdisciplinary courses for aula virtual uibVisit site >
mynewextsetup.us
The University Library's most popular services at a glance: Access to digital media The authentication procedure required for access to full-text PDFs in electronic journals, databases and books. Borrowing and library card Find out where you can get your library card and how you can borrow printed books and journals.Visit site >
Visit site >
mynewextsetup.us
The University of Bergen Programs and Courses. There are a aula virtual uib of 7 faculties in the university out of which The Faculty of Fine Art is aula virtual uib newest, In addition to this, of Music and Design were started in The University of Bergen Library and the University Museum of Bergen have a faculty-like status. The University of Bergen RankingsVisit site >
